MY LATEST TRICKS: 100 Top High PR Do-follow social bookmarking website 2013

MY LATEST TRICKS Learn how to start ethical Hacking,Mobile hacking.latest SEO and Facebook tips and tricks.Find vulnerabilities in websites. crack software , make money online and many more

100 Top High PR Do-follow social bookmarking website 2013 Jul 27th 2013, 22:56, by Noman Ramzan 100 Top High PR Do-follow social bookmarking website 2013 Backlinks are very important for the website or blog and OFFpage search engine optimization.  This is an updated and new fresh list top social bookmarking website for search engine optimization SEO. And one think I have mention here these social bookmarking website also along with Alexa Rank and Google Page. Top 100 Best Bookmarking Sites Google Page Rank Alexa Rank 1 kojaxx social Bookmarking-DoFollow 3 33192 2 drigg-code-DoFollowbookmarking site 1 91305 3 esocialbookmarks-DoFollow 1 45257 4 stickytags-Do follow social-bookmarking 3 64977 5 arrisweb business bookmarks-NoFollow 1 48840 For Complete 100  Do-follow social bookmarking kindly download from below Download Complete social Bookmarking

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MY LATEST TRICKS: How to Install a Google Blogger Template

MY LATEST TRICKS Learn how to start ethical Hacking,Mobile hacking.latest SEO and Facebook tips and tricks.Find vulnerabilities in websites. crack software , make money online and many more

How to Install a Google Blogger Template Jul 27th 2013, 22:29, by Noman Ramzan How to Install a Google Blogger Template Most of new bloggers even they Don't know how to install a blogger template. so today I am going to share on my blog well I have shared a articles on search engine optimization SEO. So it's very easy process to install a template on blogger template. If you don't know how to start Blogging then Click on this link How to start blogging 1.     Log into Blogger account  Dashboard, click the Design link. 2.     Click the Edit HTML tab. 3.     Unzip the template file you downloaded from alternative website. 4.     Back on the Edit HTML page, click the Choose File button. 5.     Click the Upload button.

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Mobile Trick Hacks: Latest Reliance USSD Codes

Mobile Trick Hacks Get Free GPRS,Callertune, Recharge, Send Free SMS,Make Free 2g & 3g Calls Just Using Some Simple Tricks.

Latest Reliance USSD Codes Jul 27th 2013, 18:58, by Hitesh Katara Latest Reliance USSD Codes Hello friends here i am sharing some latest reliance ussd code . To Know Your Mobile Number : *1# / *#1# or *301# and then press call.[working in all State] Balance validity – *367# or *306# or*402# and call or call 58402. Reliance gsm new ussd codes  1) Check main balance validity *333*1*1*1# . 2)Check last recharge detail *333*1*2*1# . 3) Check internet data validity *333*1*3*1# . 4) Check vas balance *333*1*4*1# . 5)Activate callertune *333*3*1*1# . 6) Deactivate callertune *333*3*1*2# . 7) Act mis cal lalert *333*3*2*1# . 8) Deactivate miss cal lalert *333*3*2*2# Recharge – *368*14 digit pin# and call or call 58401 Special Packs – *777# Caller Tunes – *999# Packs – *123# , *321# Customer care reliance smart- *333 or *369 GPRS settings – send "ALL" to 55100 Admin menu/common access no.- *369 GPRS DATA balance Check type MBAL and send to 55333 or dial *367*3#(working in kolkata) Local Call balance - *367*2# Call 198 for Free Customer care service

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TrickSage: Get Air-Gesture Feature for Smartphones (Hand Waving)

TrickSage techno tricks to save money,,At tricksage you can find latest techno related tricks and tips to save and make money too,,tricks of all networks, free cracked apps,software, live stuff ,ethical hacking etc,,,

Get Air-Gesture Feature for Smartphones (Hand Waving) Jul 27th 2013, 16:02, by hitesh nagar Air-Gesture Feature for Smartphones (Accept call by Waving Hand or near ear) :- Samsung and Other companies Launching there new smartphone like Galaxy S4,Tab 3 etc. loaded with an awesome feature of Air Gesture which allows you to pick up calls whenever you wave your hand over your phone or just taking your phone near your ear.                                        Well this feature is something we peoples need in our Android devices and as this effects uses a little proximity sensor available on all modern device's  and if you own android phone then you can also get this Feature in yours .                                          So if you want this feature on your Android devices then you can simply install a application called as "Air Call-Accept". For more info.;- Click Here To know more. Screenshot :- Download Link:- So by installing this application you can use this fantastic Feature on your Smartphone . So to activate this feature Download this App Now by Clicking Here or from the Below link. Click Here to Download this Apps Then just install this application and open it up you will see Enable Button just swipe that up and your app will start-up, now you can close the application and try to accept the call's by just waving your hand or taking your phone near to your ear, your call will be accepted. like us :-http://www.facebook.com/pages/Tricks-Hackers/115483831878746 like us for more updates & share us and don't be a silent user please comment about the post and fill free to ask any thing your's comment let us to post more useful post for you all,,, :-

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Free Unlimited 3G Internet - Tricks 2013, Free Recharge, Free GPRS Internet: Tricks Hacker: Airtel Internet New free unlimited gprs tricks July 2013 | 244kbps highspeed proxies Working

Free Unlimited 3G Internet - Tricks 2013, Free Recharge, Free GPRS Internet

Tricks Hacker: Airtel Internet New free unlimited gprs tricks July 2013 | 244kbps highspeed proxies Working Jul 27th 2013, 15:41, by by IANS Tricks Hacker: Airtel Internet New free unlimited gprs tricks July 2013 | Working highspeed proxies Airtel unlimited gprs tricks 26 July 2013

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TrickSage: Increase your PC/Laptop Speed via Increasing RAM (with Screenshot)

TrickSage techno tricks to save money,,At tricksage you can find latest techno related tricks and tips to save and make money too,,tricks of all networks, free cracked apps,software, live stuff ,ethical hacking etc,,,

Increase your PC/Laptop Speed via Increasing RAM (with Screenshot) Jul 27th 2013, 15:43, by hitesh nagar Increase your PC/Laptop Speed via Increasing RAM (with Screenshot) :- I know it's not a new trick or method for increasing Speed(RAM) via increasing virtual RAM but this trick will prove to be a new life for the old PC in your home, offices , colleges etc. as usually sometime we have to use those old PC like P3,P4 etc and this trick will not only useful for old but it will also help new  Laptop and PC when you play HD video or High end games.            So to increase your Laptop/PC Speed or increase Virtual RAM then follow the below given steps with Screenshots to understand more easily. Step by Step procedure :- Press 'Windows' key + 'Pause break' key it's a shortcut or simply Right click on 'My Computer' and then select 'Properties'. Click on the 'Advanced' tab. Under 'Performance', click 'Settings'. Then click the 'Advanced' tab on the button that pops up.  Under 'Virtual Memory' at the bottom, click 'Change'.  Click the 'Custom Size' button.  For the initial size (depending on your HD space), type in anywhere from 1000-1500 (although I use 4000), and for the Maximum size type in anywhere from 2000-2500 (although I use 6000).  Click 'Set', and then exit out of all of the windows. Finally, Restart your computer. And the task is Done now you see that you  have a faster computer and 1-2GB increase in RAM or in  Virtual RAM..!    If this article prove to be helpful or usefull for you then you can join us on social sites for more updates and feel free to share and comment about us.. like us :-http://www.facebook.com/pages/Tricks-Hackers/115483831878746 like us for more updates & share us and don't be a silent user please comment about the post and fill free to ask any thing your's comment let us to post more useful post for you all,,,:-

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Making Different: How To Delete Facebook Chat Messages At Once

Making Different Blogger Widgets | Blogger Templates | Tips and Tricks | How-tos manual

How To Delete Facebook Chat Messages At Once Jul 27th 2013, 10:02, by Nitin Maheta Facebook is a social networking website, established in 2004, which is now the most widely used social networking website in the world with one billion users . If you want to delete all your Facebook messages at once without spending time deleting them one after another, there are many ways which you can use to get it done. Chatting on Facebook will always get your Facebook inbox filled with numerous inbox messages which you may not have time to go through them again . Also Read:- How to Share Animated GIF Pictures on Facebook ~ 2013 Working Trick Infact, Facebook should have added a feature that should store chat messages but I cann’t really explain the reason why Facebook didn’t add this feature yet. The worse part of it, is that there is no way to mark these messages to delete all of them collectively. How To Delete Facebook Messages Using FireFox To delete all your Facebook messages at once using Firefox, you should install Greasemonkey Firefox addon and then restart your browser. Once you finished installing GreaseMonkey Firefox, go to userscripts.org and install this script also. After installing the script, you can login to your facebook account and go to facebook messages, now you should see a new “Delete All” button in your facebook inbox . When you click on the button, you will see a dialogue asking you to confirm that you want to delete all your messages. Confirming the selection will delete all your facebook normal messages and also facebook chat messages . Also Read:- How To Enable Post Tagging Approval In Facebook? With this method explained above, it will be easier for you to delete your facebook messages with a single click without going through any long process of deleting facebook messages. Just install GreaseMonkey onto your Firefox browser, go to userscript.org and install this script . Then you can be able to delete your Facebook messages with a single click . About Author:- This article was written by Orjiakor Chikadibia (Founder of orjiakor ) He like to write and share articles on technology. Related Posts Facebook poke will make you insecure 5 Best Tips To Increase Your Facebook Fanpage Likes ! Facebook Family Search – Find Everyone With Last Name or Surname Status Snapper ~ To Blur Name’s, Links & Pics in Facebook Status Ensure Your Facebook Security Tips for preventing your facebook account from hacker in 2013 How to Send Custom Image or Profile Picture as Emoticon in Facebook Chat How To Add Facebook Messenger for Windows

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Making Different: 10 Best Places to Watch Free Movies Online ~ Updated

Making Different Blogger Widgets | Blogger Templates | Tips and Tricks | How-tos manual

10 Best Places to Watch Free Movies Online ~ Updated Jul 27th 2013, 08:25, by Nitin Maheta Rich one go to cinema. Impatient one buy DVD's and Patient one download movies from torrent. You may fall in one of these three segments. Well, how about watching a movie online? Wouldn't it be amazing? If downloading movies and waiting for couple of days gives you so much of pain. This post is for YOU! Watching your favorite movie online is a very convenient way to entertain yourself. What you need is a comfortable couch, a basket of popcorn and a descent internet connection. Recommended Read:- 5 Best Websites to Watch TV Online For Free Though there are penalty of places on the internet to watch movie online. But the places listed below have the largest and finest collection of movies which will provide you a safe environment as well. I bet you these are not short clips from movies or trailers. You can see full movie from the beginning to end, though you may encounter few ad interruptions but that doesn't count when you can enjoy full movie online without any difficulty. Below is the list of top ten spots to watch movie online: 1. Crackle – Crackle tops my list because of its enormous collection of movies which you can watch for free, no matter whatever is the size of your screen. They have collaboration with Sony Pictures which is another of attractive feature of crackle. 2. YouTube – Apart from funny videos, your favorite game's trailer and movie teasers, you can also watch movies on YouTube. On YouTube you may look for your favorite movie, you can Scroll down the page and look for "Top Free Movies" section to watch your favorite movie that are for free. You may also find dome movies in parts, but that worth whiles with saving your money and time. 3. Hulu – Here is another one for you. Let me tell you why it is on this list. With it's partnership with Miramax you can not only watch free movies online but you can also enjoy episodes and documentaries. You can watch SD movies for free but to enjoy the movie in HD you will have to subscribe to Hulu. Also Read:- 7 Most Popular Websites to Watch Live Cricket Online 4. Popcornflix – No signup, no worries. Just hit the play button and enjoy the movie. Popcornflix is another great place to enjoy online movie. With its collection of over 1500 movies from Screen Media Ventures. 5. Indie Movie Online – One stop shop for independent movies. You have no idea how fun these movies are. They just missed the chance to get popular. You have a wide range of genre to choose from. You can also watch independent documentaries and short flims. 6. Viewster – Though it is a primary place to rent movies but they also have a fairly nice collection of free movies. There might be movies you haven't heard of but they are worth giving a shot. You may encounter some ads while watching which sucks up the fun part out of the movie. 7. Public Domain Torrents – If you want to watch B- Movies and Classic Movies, Public Domain Torrents is the place for you. Since all the movies are under public domain so they are completely legal to watch. The best part about the Public domain Torrents is that, not only you can watch the movie but you can also download them. 8. Classic Cinema Online – Collection has only handful of collection at a time. You can also watch silent movies if they fascinates you as Classic Cinema Collection is a nice place to watch silent movies online. 9. Retrovision- Yet another name in the list. Retrovision houses classic, comedy, crime, drama and lot kind of movies. Beside from movies they also provide certain good TV shows for free. 10. Internet Archive Movie Archive - The Internet & The Movie Archive are no different than the Public Domain Torrents. One can easily access the Public domain movies, watch them and moreover, can download them too. Related Posts The Importance of Online Data Back up and It's Functionalities 4 Must Have Gadgets For Your Pocket Top 15 Free Web Builder Solutions dedicated to Small Businesses 10 Steps to Create an Effective Call to Action for Your Product Pages 5 Best Car Games for the year 2013 5 Best Games for SmartPhones Comparison between Samsung galaxy s4 and Samsung galaxy s3 Top 4 alternatives to Android, iOS, and Windows Phone

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WWW.DOWNLOADVJ.TK @ Hacking is my Passion.: Tata Docomo Data Packs for UP East

WWW.DOWNLOADVJ.TK @ Hacking is my Passion. How To Unblock Adf.ly Links Here is a Simple Trick Collect the Downloaded shortened link Eg :- http://adf.ly/RGiHN Add V2 in the links http://v2.adf.ly/RGiHN

Tata Docomo Data Packs for UP East Jul 27th 2013, 05:16, by www.DownloadVJ.tk - Admin  Tata Docomo Data Packs for UP East MRP(Rs.) Free Usage Details Offer Validity (Days) Post Free Data Usage Charges 249 6 GB 60 1p/ 10KB** 149* 4 GB 30 1p/ 10KB** 126* 1.25 GB + 750 MB 30 1p/ 10KB** 95 1 GB 30 10p/10KB 74 1 GB 21 10p/10KB 56 500 MB 15 10p/10KB 26*** 300 MB + 300 MB 7 10p/ 10KB 15 200 MB 3 10p/10KB 7 50 MB Till midnight on day of recharge 10p/10KB 5 25 MB Till midnight on day of recharge 10p/10KB   Hide Details Available on special EVD recharge. * Offer valid till limited period only. ** Reduced Rates of post free data usage applicable on selectecd recharges for 90 days from the date of recharge. ** Reduced Rates are valid on any recharge done with above denomination till 30th Sept 2013. *** Additional Data Offer Valid till 30th June '13 Only. To activate any Internet pack : SMS "GPRS<Pack Value>" to 121. Daily Pass valid till 12:00 midnight on the day of activation. Click to Hide T&C MRP inclusive of Service Tax. All the above packs will be available to Tata DOCOMO subscribers on Tata DOCOMO Home and Tata DOCOMO roaming network only. Pack benefits are not applicable for browsing www.vuclip.com and standard data charges of 10p/10Kb will be applicable. The above mentioned packs are applicable on DOCOMOINTERNET APN only. Offer validity days start from the day you activate the pack on your number. For internet settings, SMS INTERNET to 52270 and save received settings as default settings on your mobile. Any unutilized Data usage will lapse at the end of the offer validity period. The data benefit of the existing Data pack will be forfeited if recharged with another Data pack. Data (Dive In/ Blackberry/Other Handsets) usage is charged basis Volume of data sent or received. Your national plans for Data/Blackberry is not valid overseas. Additional PDP charges may apply with some operators. PDP is an association between the Visited and Home Data network and is used for validation of the Data subscriber. This appears in the bill as charges against 0 Kb usages, which are billable. Data is chargeable during International Roaming as some Smart phones/device get connected to Data Network automatically. If a particular application is ON, the application can trigger data connection automatically and hence be chargeable. Data pack pool benefits will be applicable on Dive in browsing only. Using your Device as a modem for a personal computer or other piece of electronic equipment (tethering) is not permitted. Offer valid in home zone only. *Applicable Districts - Chitrakoot, Kaushambi, Mau, Shravasti, Kushinagar, Maharajganj, Hamirpur, Jalaun, Kannauj, Kanpur Dehat, Lalitpur, Mahoba, Banda, Fatehpur, Kanpur Nagar, Unnao, Lucknow, Rae Bareli, Bahraich, Hardoi, Farrukhabad, Kheri, Shahjahanpur, Chandauli, Varanasi, Sant Ravidas Nagar

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WWW.DOWNLOADVJ.TK @ Hacking is my Passion.: Jack The Giant Slayer Movie in Hindi Brrip HD Quality

WWW.DOWNLOADVJ.TK @ Hacking is my Passion. How To Unblock Adf.ly Links Here is a Simple Trick Collect the Downloaded shortened link Eg :- http://adf.ly/RGiHN Add V2 in the links http://v2.adf.ly/RGiHN

Jack The Giant Slayer Movie in Hindi Brrip HD Quality Jul 26th 2013, 20:18, by www.DownloadVJ.tk - Admin Download Jack The Giant Slayer Movie in Hindi Brrip HD Quality Download Links of Jack The Giant Slayer Movie in Hindi Brrip HD Quality Click Here To Download Part 1 (Automatically From Best Server) Click Here To Download Part 2 (Automatically From Best Server)  Click Here To Download Part 3 (Automatically From Best Server)  Click Here To Download Part 4 (Automatically From Best Server) Download Jack The Giant Slayer Movie in HD Quality

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WWW.DOWNLOADVJ.TK @ Hacking is my Passion.: Godaddy .com domain at 120 Rupees Only

WWW.DOWNLOADVJ.TK @ Hacking is my Passion. How To Unblock Adf.ly Links Here is a Simple Trick Collect the Downloaded shortened link Eg :- http://adf.ly/RGiHN Add V2 in the links http://v2.adf.ly/RGiHN

Godaddy .com domain at 120 Rupees Only Jul 26th 2013, 19:22, by www.DownloadVJ.tk - Admin Get .com domain at 120 Rupees only at Godaddy.com Just Type Coupon Code "gofbin07"

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WWW.DOWNLOADVJ.TK @ Hacking is my Passion.: Linux Operating System

WWW.DOWNLOADVJ.TK @ Hacking is my Passion. How To Unblock Adf.ly Links Here is a Simple Trick Collect the Downloaded shortened link Eg :- http://adf.ly/RGiHN Add V2 in the links http://v2.adf.ly/RGiHN

Linux Operating System Jul 26th 2013, 18:09, by www.DownloadVJ.tk - Admin  About Linux Operating System The development of Linux is one of the most prominent examples of free and open source software collaboration: the underlying source code may be used, modified, and distributed—commercially or non-commercially—by anyone under licenses such as the GNU General Public License. Typically Linux is packaged in a format known as a Linux distribution for desktop and server use. Some popular mainstream Linux distributions include Debian (and its derivatives such as Ubuntu and Linux Mint), Fedora, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, CentOS, Mandriva/Mageia, openSUSE (and its commercial derivative SUSE Linux Enterprise Server), and Arch Linux. Linux distributions include the Linux kernel, supporting utilities and libraries and usually a large amount of application software to fulfill the distribution's intended use. A distribution oriented toward desktop use will typically include the X Window System and an accompanying desktop environment such as GNOME or KDE Plasma. Some such distributions may include a less resource intensive desktop such as LXDE or Xfce for use on older or less powerful computers. A distribution intended to run as a server may omit all graphical environments from the standard install and instead include other software such as the Apache HTTP Server and an SSH server such as OpenSSH. Because Linux is freely redistributable, anyone may create a distribution for any intended use. Applications commonly used with desktop Linux systems include the Mozilla Firefox web browser, the LibreOffice office application suite, and the GIMP image editor. Antecedents         Andrew S. Tanenbaum (left), author of the MINIX operating system, and Linus Torvalds (right), principal author of the Linux kernel Unix Main article: Unix The Unix operating system was conceived and implemented in 1969 at AT&T's Bell Laboratories in the United States by Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, Douglas McIlroy, and Joe Ossanna. It was first released in 1971 and was initially entirely written in assembly language, a common practice at the time. Later, in a key pioneering approach in 1973, Unix was re-written in the programming language C by Dennis Ritchie (with exceptions to the kernel and I/O). The availability of an operating system written in a high-level language allowed easier portability to different computer platforms. With a legal glitch forcing AT&T to license the operating system's source code to anyone who asked,[25] Unix quickly grew and became widely adopted by academic institutions and businesses. In 1984, AT&T divested itself of Bell Labs. Free of the legal glitch requiring free licensing, Bell Labs began selling Unix as a proprietary product. GNU Main article: GNU Richard Stallman, founder of the GNU Project The GNU Project, started in 1983 by Richard Stallman, had the goal of creating a "complete Unix-compatible software system" composed entirely of free software. Work began in 1984.[26] Later, in 1985, Stallman started the Free Software Foundation and wrote the GNU General Public License (GNU GPL) in 1989. By the early 1990s, many of the programs required in an operating system (such as libraries, compilers, text editors, a Unix shell, and a windowing system) were completed, although low-level elements such as device drivers, daemons, and the kernel were stalled and incomplete.[27] Linus Torvalds has said that if the GNU kernel had been available at the time (1991), he would not have decided to write his own.[28] BSD Main article: BSD Although not released until 1992 due to legal complications, development of 386BSD, from which NetBSD, OpenBSD and FreeBSD descended, predated that of Linux. Linus Torvalds has said that if 386BSD had been available at the time, he probably would not have created Linux.[29] MINIX Main article: MINIX MINIX is an inexpensive minimal Unix-like operating system, designed for education in computer science, written by Andrew S. Tanenbaum. Starting with version 3 in 2005, MINIX became free and was redesigned for "serious" use. Genesis In 1991 while attending the University of Helsinki, Torvalds became curious about operating systems[30] and frustrated by the licensing of MINIX, which limited it to educational use only. He began to work on his own operating system which eventually became the Linux kernel. Torvalds began the development of the Linux kernel on MINIX, and applications written for MINIX were also used on Linux. Later Linux matured and further Linux development took place on Linux systems.[31] GNU applications also replaced all MINIX components, because it was advantageous to use the freely available code from the GNU Project with the fledgling operating system. (Code licensed under the GNU GPL can be reused in other projects as long as they also are released under the same or a compatible license.) Torvalds initiated a switch from his original license, which prohibited commercial redistribution, to the GNU GPL.[32] Developers worked to integrate GNU components with Linux to make a fully functional and free operating system.[27] Commercial and popular uptake Ubuntu, a popular Linux distribution Main article: Linux adoption Today, Linux systems are used in every domain, from embedded systems to supercomputers, and have secured a place in server installations often using the popular LAMP application stack. Use of Linux distributions in home and enterprise desktops has been growing. They have also gained popularity with various local and national governments. The federal government of Brazil is well known for its support for Linux. News of the Russian military creating its own Linux distribution has also surfaced, and has come to fruition as the G.H.ost Project. The Indian state of Kerala has gone to the extent of mandating that all state high schools run Linux on their computers. China uses Linux exclusively as the operating system for its Loongson processor family to achieve technology independence. In Spain some regions have developed their own Linux distributions, which are widely used in education and official institutions, like gnuLinEx in Extremadura and Guadalinex in Andalusia. Portugal is also using its own Linux distribution Caixa Mágica, used in the Magalhães netbook and the e-escola government program. France and Germany have also taken steps toward the adoption of Linux. Linux distributions have also become popular in the netbook market, with many devices such as the ASUS Eee PC and Acer Aspire One shipping with customized Linux distributions installed. Current development Torvalds continues to direct the development of the kernel. Stallman heads the Free Software Foundation, which in turn supports the GNU components. Finally, individuals and corporations develop third-party non-GNU components. These third-party components comprise a vast body of work and may include both kernel modules and user applications and libraries. Linux vendors and communities combine and distribute the kernel, GNU components, and non-GNU components, with additional package management software in the form of Linux distributions. Media files: Linux-operating-system-information.html (http://downloadvj.blogspot.com/2013/07/Linux-operating-system-information.html)

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WWW.DOWNLOADVJ.TK @ Hacking is my Passion.: 20 interesting and extremely helpful Linux command line tricks

WWW.DOWNLOADVJ.TK @ Hacking is my Passion. How To Unblock Adf.ly Links Here is a Simple Trick Collect the Downloaded shortened link Eg :- http://adf.ly/RGiHN Add V2 in the links http://v2.adf.ly/RGiHN

20 interesting and extremely helpful Linux command line tricks Jul 26th 2013, 17:48, by www.DownloadVJ.tk - Admin As you start spending more and more time working on Linux command line, you tend to learn some cool tricks that make your life easy and save you lot of time. I have been working on Linux command line for many years now and I have learned a lot of Linux command line tricks. Here in this article, I will discuss some Linux command line tricks that I find worth using in my day to day command line activities. NOTE – All the examples in this article are tested on bash shell. Linux command line tricks 1. How to switch between directories efficiently? Working on Linux command line means switching between lot of directories. You are in a directory 'A', then you move to directory 'B'. Now you want to come back to directory 'A'. Typing the complete directory path for 'A' can be cumbersome sometimes. For this you can use 'cd -' short cut. Here is an example : $ pwd /home/DownloadVJ $ cd /usr/local/bin/ $ cd - /home/DownloadVJ So we see that it's easy to switch between two directories using cd- . But, 'cd -' resolves only a partial problem. It can only switch you back to last directory only. What if you switch between multiple directories and then want to come back to the first or some other desired directory? I mean, suppose you are in a directory 'A', then you switch to directories 'B' -> 'C' -> 'D' -> 'E' and then you want to again go back to directory 'A'. Well, for this, you can use the combination of 'pushd' and 'popd'. Here is an example : $ pwd /home/DownloadVJ $ pushd /home/DownloadVJ ~ ~ $ cd /usr $ cd /tmp $ cd /proc $ popd ~ $ pwd /home/DownloadVJ As you can see, first you pass the desired directory (to which you want to come back eventually) as argument to 'pushd' and then through 'popd' you can actually trigger a directory switch to that directory from anywhere on the command prompt. 2. How to make efficient use of Linux command line history using !! and ! ? Double exclamation ie '!!' represents the last run command on the shell. Here is an example : $ uname -a Linux DownloadVJ-Inspiron-1525 3.2.0-36-generic-pae #57-Ubuntu SMP Tue Jan 8 22:01:06 UTC 2013 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux $ !! uname -a Linux DownloadVJ-Inspiron-1525 3.2.0-36-generic-pae #57-Ubuntu SMP Tue Jan 8 22:01:06 UTC 2013 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux So what best can we do with !! ? Well, firstly, you can extend the command easily. Here is an example : $ !! | grep Linux uname -a | grep Linux Linux DownloadVJ-Inspiron-1525 3.2.0-36-generic-pae #57-Ubuntu SMP Tue Jan 8 22:01:06 UTC 2013 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux Also, it so happens many times that you run a command and you get an error that the command requires root privileges. Then you press the 'up arrow' key + home key + write 'sudo' . Well all this can be avoided using !!. Here is an example : $ touch new_binary touch: cannot touch `new_binary': Permission denied $ sudo !! sudo touch new_binary [sudo] password for DownloadVJ: $ ls new_binary new_binary Sometimes you would like to append a command to existing shell script or would like to create a new shell script, then you can use '!!' to the task easily. Here is an example : $ ls -lart /home/DownloadVJ/practice/*.py -rw-rw-r-- 1 DownloadVJ DownloadVJ 50 Mar 1 00:23 /home/DownloadVJ/practice/firstPYProgram.py $ echo !! > script.sh echo ls -lart /home/DownloadVJ/practice/*.py > script.sh $ cat script.sh ls -lart /home/DownloadVJ/practice/firstPYProgram.py So we see that this way !! proves to be easy and time saving. Now, lets come to single exclamation ie '!' . Unlike double exclamation ie '!!', through single exclamation '!', we can access any previously run command that exists in command line history. Here are some examples : Use serial number from output of history command to run a particular command $ history ... ... ... 2039 uname -a | grep Linux 2040 dmesg 2041 clear 2042 cd bin 2043 clear 2044 pwd 2045 touch new_binary 2046 sudo touch new_binary 2047 ls new_binary 2048 history $ !2039 uname -a | grep Linux Linux DownloadVJ-Inspiron-1525 3.2.0-36-generic-pae #57-Ubuntu SMP Tue Jan 8 22:01:06 UTC 2013 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux So we see that command number 2039 was run through single exclamation '!' without having to type or copy paste the command again. You can use negative integer values with '!' to run second last command, third last command, fourth last command…and so on. Here is an example : $history ... ... ... 2049 ! 2039 2050 uname -a | grep Linux 2051 history $ !-2 uname -a | grep Linux Linux DownloadVJ-Inspiron-1525 3.2.0-36-generic-pae #57-Ubuntu SMP Tue Jan 8 22:01:06 UTC 2013 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux Run a new command with argument of previous command Here is an example : $ ls /home/DownloadVJ/practice/*.py /home/DownloadVJ/practice/firstPYProgram.py $ ls -lart !$ ls -lart /home/DownloadVJ/practice/*.py -rw-rw-r-- 1 DownloadVJ DownloadVJ 50 Mar 1 00:23 /home/DownloadVJ/practice/firstPYProgram.py So we see that '!$' can be used to fetch argument from previous command and use it with the current command. In case of two arguments, use carrot '!^' to access first argument Here is an example : $ ls /home/DownloadVJ/practice/*.py /home/DownloadVJ/practice/*.txt /home/DownloadVJ/practice/file.txt /home/DownloadVJ/practice/output.txt /home/DownloadVJ/practice/sort.txt /home/DownloadVJ/practice/firstPYProgram.py /home/DownloadVJ/practice/sort1.txt /home/DownloadVJ/practice/test.txt /home/DownloadVJ/practice/input.txt /home/DownloadVJ/practice/sort2.txt $ ls -lart !^ ls -lart /home/DownloadVJ/practice/*.py -rw-rw-r-- 1 DownloadVJ DownloadVJ 50 Mar 1 00:23 /home/DownloadVJ/practice/firstPYProgram.py So we see that through '!^' we can access the first argument of the previous run command. To access the any other argument (of previous run command) in current command, '![prev command name]:[argument number]' can be used. Here is an example : $ ls !ls:2 ls /home/DownloadVJ/practice/*.txt /home/DownloadVJ/practice/file.txt /home/DownloadVJ/practice/sort1.txt /home/DownloadVJ/practice/test.txt /home/DownloadVJ/practice/input.txt /home/DownloadVJ/practice/sort2.txt /home/DownloadVJ/practice/output.txt /home/DownloadVJ/practice/sort.txt So this way, the second argument (of the previous command) was accessed. To access all the arguments of a previously run command, use '!*' Here is an example : $ ls -lart !* ls -lart /home/DownloadVJ/practice/*.py /home/DownloadVJ/practice/*.txt -r--r--r-- 1 DownloadVJ DownloadVJ 50 Oct 24 2012 /home/DownloadVJ/practice/output.txt -r--r--r-- 1 DownloadVJ DownloadVJ 7 Nov 10 13:46 /home/DownloadVJ/practice/input.txt -r--r--r-- 1 DownloadVJ DownloadVJ 8 Dec 7 20:38 /home/DownloadVJ/practice/sort1.txt -r--r--r-- 1 DownloadVJ DownloadVJ 8 Dec 7 20:39 /home/DownloadVJ/practice/sort2.txt -r--r--r-- 1 DownloadVJ DownloadVJ 14 Dec 14 20:45 /home/DownloadVJ/practice/file.txt -r--r--r-- 1 DownloadVJ DownloadVJ 41 Jan 23 20:42 /home/DownloadVJ/practice/sort.txt -rw-rw-r-- 1 DownloadVJ DownloadVJ 50 Mar 1 00:23 /home/DownloadVJ/practice/firstPYProgram.py -rw-rw-r-- 1 DownloadVJ DownloadVJ 0 Mar 10 15:31 /home/DownloadVJ/practice/test.txt Use '![keyword]' to run the last command starting with [keyword] Here is an example : $ !ls ls -lart /home/DownloadVJ/practice/*.py -rw-rw-r-- 1 DownloadVJ DownloadVJ 50 Mar 1 00:23 /home/DownloadVJ/practice/firstPYProgram.py So we see that the last ls command was executed. This way you can just write the first keyword of the command (which is command name usually) and you do not need to write the complete command. Single exclamation '!' will do it for you. 3. Use comma ',' operator wherever it makes life easy As already said, the comma operator can make life easy for you on Linux command line. Here are some examples : Convert to lower case Comma operator can be used to convert the whole string or only the first letter to lower case. Here is an example : $ words="Example of comma OPERATOR" $ echo ${words,} example of comma OPERATOR ${words,,} example of comma operator So we see that through a single comma only the first letter was converted to lower case while through double comma, complete string was converted to lower case. Use comma with file names Comma operator can be used with file names. A couple of examples are shown below. $ touch new_file{1,2,3} DownloadVJ@DownloadVJ-Inspiron-1525:~/practice$ ls new_file* new_file1 new_file2 new_file3 So we see that comma operator helped in creating three files easily. Similarly, for one of the very popular work people do on command line is to rename files by adding .old or .new temporarily. You can save the time by doing something like : mv my_filename.{old,new} This will rename my_filename.old to myfilename.new. 4. How to delete files with leading or trailing spaces? You might find yourself struggling with deleting files with leading or trailing spaces through 'rm' command on Linux command line. For example : $ rm tempFile rm: cannot remove `tempFile': No such file or directory So we see that rm command says that this file does not exist. But you are pretty confident that file with such name exists. Then the only thing could be that this file name would be having leading or trailing spaces. You can use double quotes to avoid this problem : $ rm "tempFile " The above command worked in my case. Note that if you do not want to use double quotes then '\ ' can be used. Here is an example : $ rm tempFile\ Remember to add a space after back slash. 5. How to delete files with names beginning with hyphen (-) ? Sometimes you may find yourself stuck with a situation like this : You have to delete a file named -1mpFile.out $ ls -1mpFile.out CPPfile.o libCfile.so mylinuxbook_new prog split But, when you try using rm command, following error is produced : $ rm -1mpFile.out rm: invalid option -- '1' Try `rm ./-1mpFile.out' to remove the file `-1mpFile.out'. Try `rm --help' for more information. Even if you use double quotes, you get the following error : $ rm "-1mpFile.out" rm: invalid option -- '1' Try `rm ./-1mpFile.out' to remove the file `-1mpFile.out'. Try `rm --help' for more information. So, rm command considers the hyphen '-' as an indicator that some command line option will follow and so it treats '1mpFile.out' as an option. Hence the error. Now, to tell 'rm' that the word beginning with hyphen is file name, you need to pass double hyphen (–) first. Here is an example : $ rm -- -1mpFile.out So this should remove the file successfully. Since this problem is generic ie you will observe this problem even while creating this file using 'touch' command etc. Double hyphen can be used with other commands too for the same purpose. Here is another example of double hyphen but this time with touch and ls commands : $ touch -1mpFile.out touch: invalid option -- '1' Try `touch --help' for more information. $ touch -- -1mpFile.out $ ls — -1mpFile.out -1mpFile.out So we can safely use double hyphen (–) in a generic sense with different Linux commands. 6. How to delete all files in a directory except some (with particular extensions) ? Suppose you have a directory with lot of files and you want to delete all the files except some of them (with particular file extensions). This can be done in following way : Here is a directory containing lot of files : $ ls a.out Cfile.c file.c macro.c my_printf.c orig_file.orig stacksmash.c bfrovrflw.c cmd.c firstPYProgram.py main.c new_printf.c orig_file.rej test_strace.c bufrovrflw.c env.c helloworld.c my_fopen.c new.txt prog.c virtual_func.c Now, you want to delete all the files except .c and .py files. Here is what you can do : $ rm !(*.c|*.py) $ ls bfrovrflw.c Cfile.c env.c firstPYProgram.py macro.c my_fopen.c new_printf.c stacksmash.c virtual_func.c bufrovrflw.c cmd.c file.c helloworld.c main.c my_printf.c prog.c test_strace.c So you can see that files with all other extensions got deleted. 7. How to create customized backup using touch and find commands? Touch command in association with find command can be used to create customized backups. Suppose you want to create a backup of files that you created or changed in a directory between 9am and 5pm. For this, the very first step is to create two files temp1 and temp2 with timestamps as 9am and 5pm respectively. $ touch -d "9am" temp1 $ touch -d "5pm" temp2 These commands will create two files temp1 and temp2 with access and modification timestamps as 9am and 5pm respectively. Let's cross check these by using stat command: $ stat temp1 File: `temp1' Size: 0 Blocks: 0 IO Block: 4096 regular empty file Device: 806h/2054d Inode: 528534 Links: 1 Access: (0664/-rw-rw-r--) Uid: ( 1000/DownloadVJ) Gid: ( 1000/DownloadVJ) Access: 2013-04-28 09:00:00.000000000 +0530 Modify: 2013-04-28 09:00:00.000000000 +0530 Change: 2013-04-28 19:06:05.982909491 +0530 Birth: - $ stat temp2 File: `temp2' Size: 0 Blocks: 0 IO Block: 4096 regular empty file Device: 806h/2054d Inode: 529476 Links: 1 Access: (0664/-rw-rw-r--) Uid: ( 1000/DownloadVJ) Gid: ( 1000/DownloadVJ) Access: 2013-04-28 17:00:00.000000000 +0530 Modify: 2013-04-28 17:00:00.000000000 +0530 Change: 2013-04-28 19:06:12.090939793 +0530 Birth: - So we see that timestamps was as expected. Now move to the directory where you want to create the backup of files. Here are the contents of the directory in my case : $ ls bfrovrflw.c Cfile.c env.c firstPYProgram.py macro.c my_fopen.c new_printf.c stacksmash.c virtual_func.c bufrovrflw.c cmd.c file.c helloworld.c main.c my_printf.c prog.c test_strace.c Now, I create a directory named 'bkup' and run the following command : $ find . -newer ../temp1 ! -newer ../temp2 -exec cp '{}' ./bkup/ ';' The -newer and ! -newer options in command above will first find all the files with modification time between 9am and 5pm. Then the -exec option makes sure that the cp command is run for every result ('{}') of find command and the file is copied to ./bkup/ folder. The terminating ';' is the indication that cp command terminates here. Now, if you see the 'bkup' directroy, you'll find all the backed up files there. Here is what I saw in my case : $ cd bkup/ $ ls bfrovrflw.c Cfile.c env.c firstPYProgram.py macro.c my_fopen.c new_printf.c stacksmash.c virtual_func.c bufrovrflw.c cmd.c file.c helloworld.c main.c my_printf.c prog.c test_strace.c As all the files were created between 9am and 5pm so all of them were backed up. 8. Why rm command fails with error 'Argument list too long'? This usually happens when you have a directory containing huge number of files. When you do a rm -rf over it, you get something like : -bash: /bin/rm: Argument list too long This issue can be resolved using following command (please switch over to the desired directory before running this command): find * -xdev -exec rm -f '{}' ';' The find command above will supply input to rm command in batches that it can process. This is one of the fastest method to delete files. 9. How to search for all the files in a directory containing a particular string? This can be easily achieved using grep command. Here are a couple of examples : $ grep -l "printf" *.c bfrovrflw.c bufrovrflw.c Cfile.c cmd.c env.c file.c helloworld.c macro.c main.c my_fopen.c my_printf.c new_printf.c prog.c stacksmash.c test_strace.c $ grep -l "buff" *.c bfrovrflw.c If it is desired to view the lines where the string is used in the file, then 'find' command can be used with 'xargs' and 'grep' command in the following way : $ find ./ -name "*.c" | xargs grep "buff" ./bfrovrflw.c: char buff[15]; ./bfrovrflw.c: gets(buff); ./bfrovrflw.c: if(strcmp(buff, "MyLinuxBook")) So we see that even the lines containing the string "buff" were displayed in the output. 10. How to Empty a file using '>' operator ? Suppose you want to empty a file from command line. Here is how easily you can do it : $ > [complete file path] For example : $ > ./logfile This will delete all the contents of the file 'logfile' and empty it. 11. How to search man pages for a particular string? You might have used Linux man pages to understand more about a command, function etc. But, what if you want to know which man pages discuss about a particular topic. For example, what if I want to know that which man pages discuss about 'login'? Well, there exists an option -k through which you can do this. Here is an example : $ man -k login access.conf (5) - the login access control table file add-shell (8) - add shells to the list of valid login shells chsh (1) - change login shell faillog (5) - login failure logging file faillog (8) - display faillog records or set login failure limits getlogin (3) - get username getlogin_r (3) - get username gnome-session-properties (1) - Configure applications to start on login hotot (7) - lightweight & opensource microbloging client issue (5) - prelogin message and identification file lastlog (8) - reports the most recent login of all users or of a given user login (1) - begin session on the system login (3) - write utmp and wtmp entries login.defs (5) - shadow password suite configuration login_tty (3) - tty utility functions logname (1) - print user's login name ... ... ... So we see that all the man pages that discuss about 'login' were displayed in the output. 12. How to redirect stderr output messages to a file? It so happens mostly that standard commands/programs/services stream normal log messages to stdout while error log messages to stderr stream. Now, if you just do something like : $ [some-command] > logfile Then only the messages that were directed to stdout would be redirected to the file 'logfile' but no message that was directed to stderr would be redirected to the file. Here is an example : $ touch new > /home/DownloadVJ/practice/logfile touch: cannot touch `new': Permission denied $ cat /home/DownloadVJ/practice/logfile $ So we see that error was not redirected to the log file. Now, to correct this, do something like : $ touch new > /home/DownloadVJ/practice/logfile 2>&1 $ cat /home/DownloadVJ/practice/logfile touch: cannot touch `new': Permission denied So we see that this time the error was redirected to the file successfully. Please note that 2>&1 combines both stdout and stderr streams to stdout stream only. 13. How to follow multiple log files on the go? If it is required to follow multiple log files as they are being updated then this can be done through tail command. Suppose I want to monitor two log files 'logfile' and 'logfile1′ simultaneously then I will use the tail command as follows : $ tail -f logfile logfile1 ==> logfile <== ==> logfile1 <== ==> logfile <== hi ==> logfile1 <== hello So you can see that dynamic updates to these log files can easily be monitored through tail command. 14. How to make a command not to show up in the output of 'history' command? Well, sometimes you would want to run a command but do not want it to appear in the output of Linux history command. You can achieve this by inserting a space before you type the command on prompt. Here is an example : $ df Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/sda6 29640780 6174904 21960188 22% / udev 1536752 4 1536748 1% /dev tmpfs 617620 892 616728 1% /run none 5120 0 5120 0% /run/lock none 1544040 156 1543884 1% /run/shm Note that there is a space between '$' and 'df'. Now, let's confirm whether this command appears in the output of 'history' : $ history | grep df 1633 ls *.pdf 1634 mv LinuxCommandsPart1.pdf LinuxCommandsPart1 2245 history | grep df The df command was not captured in the output of history command. 15. How to simulate on-screen typing just like you see in movies? Well, to simulate typing just like you see in movies, use 'pv' command. Try this out : echo "You can simulate on-screen typing just like in the movies" | pv -qL 10 Check the output for yourself. 16. How to escape the aliased version of a command? The alias command, as we all know is used to create aliases of the commands that act as short cuts and save time. For example, I have created alias of ls command such that whenever I execute ls, its 'ls -lart' that gets executed. $ alias ls='ls -lart' Now, if I ever intend to escape the alias and want to execute only ls, then I can do this by beginning the command with a backslash ie '\'. Here is an example : $ \ls 1 CPPfile.o libCPPfile.so mylinuxbook_new prog.c stacksmash.c So we see that the original ls command was executed. NOTE – If you want to suppress an alias for a whole login session, you can use 'unalias' command for that. 17. How to get rid of that unknown process that forbids you to delete a file? There are situations where you want to delete a file but you get an error like 'file is already in use'. You try to find which process in using this file but all your effort goes in vain. What would you do in this case? Well, you can use the 'fuser' command. It tell you the process that is using a particular file. You can use 'fuser -k [filename]' command to kill that process. Read our article on fuser command to know more about it. 18. How to monitor and redirect logs to file simultaneously? If you want to redirect logs to a file but also want to monitor them in parallel, you can use the Linux 'tee' command. Here is an example : ./program | tee logfile The command above will execute the 'program'. All the logs will be redirected to 'logfile' while you can simultaneously view them on stdout (command line in most of the cases) also. 19. How to check if a command succeeded or failed? Well this can be done through '$?' environment variable. It holds 0 if last run command was success else it holds a non zero value in case of failure. Here is an example : $ touch abc touch: cannot touch `abc': Permission denied $ echo $? 1 As the last command failed, so the output was '1′. 20. How to copy paste on command line through keyboard? You can copy the text by selecting it first and then by pressing : CTRL + SHIFT + C and paste it using : CTRL + SHIFT + V Well, that was all from my side. I would really appreciate if you can drop in your comments related to these tricks. Also, it would be great if you can provide any useful Linux command line trick that is not listed here. Media files: linuxi-trick-command-amaizing-commands-unknown.html (http://downloadvj.blogspot.com/2013/07/linuxi-trick-command-amaizing-commands-unknown.html)

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